Alzheimer’s myths: what is true and what is not

The biggest Alzheimer’s myths are that it is a normal part of ageing, that it only affects memory, that aluminium causes it and that nothing can be done. Alzheimer’s disease is not a normal part of getting older. It is the most common cause of dementia, it affects more than memory, there is currently no cure, but support, treatment and healthy living can make a real difference.

At a glance

• Alzheimer’s is a disease of the brain; dementia is the umbrella term for its symptoms and those of other conditions.
• It can affect thinking, speech, perception, feelings and behaviour, not just memory.
• No convincing link between aluminium and Alzheimer’s has been established.
• Up to 45% of dementia cases may be linked to factors that can be prevented, treated or modified, according to the Lancet Commission cited by Alzheimer’s Society.
• People with dementia can stay active and involved, often for years.

Which Alzheimer’s myths are most common?

Is Alzheimer’s just a normal part of getting old?

No. The risk rises with age, but it is caused by diseases of the brain. The NHS estimates that 1 in 14 people over 65 and 1 in 6 people over 80 have Alzheimer’s or another type of dementia, which also means most older people do not. Forgetting a name now and then is common, but memory problems that disrupt daily life should be checked. Our guide to the early signs of dementia explains what to look for, and how dementia is diagnosed sets out what happens next.

Alzheimer’s Society reports that an estimated 982,000 people in the UK had dementia in its May 2024 estimate, rising to 1.4 million by 2040. These numbers show how common the condition is, which is why recognising it as a medical condition matters.

Is Alzheimer’s the same as dementia?

Not quite. Dementia is a group of symptoms caused by an ongoing decline in brain function, and Alzheimer’s is the most common cause. Vascular dementia is the second most common, and others include dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. Some people have mixed dementia, most commonly Alzheimer’s together with vascular dementia. Read Alzheimer’s vs dementia and types of dementia for a full comparison.

Is it only memory loss?

Memory problems are a common early sign, but not for everyone. Alzheimer’s Society says dementia can also affect thinking, speech, perception, feelings and behaviour. Some people notice changes in judgement, mood, planning or language first. People can also develop distress, confusion or hallucinations as dementia progresses; see hallucinations and delusions in dementia. Memory problems also have other causes, such as depression, infections or medicine side effects, which is one reason a GP check matters.

Does aluminium cause Alzheimer’s?

This myth has persisted for decades. Alzheimer’s Society says no convincing relationship between aluminium and the development of Alzheimer’s has been established. It explains that speculation about cans, cookware and water arose from a 1965 study in rabbits using injected aluminium at doses far above normal environmental exposure, that little aluminium from food and drink enters the body, and that the kidneys remove most of what does. Some small studies suggest high exposure may raise risk, but others contradict them, so the evidence is mixed rather than conclusive.

Can you do anything to lower the risk?

There is no known way to prevent Alzheimer’s itself, because its exact cause is unclear, but some risks can be reduced. A 2026 Alzheimer’s Society release, citing the 2024 Lancet Commission, says up to 45% of dementia cases may be linked to factors that can be prevented, treated or modified. The 14 factors it lists are:

• high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, obesity and type 2 diabetes;
• smoking, excessive alcohol and physical inactivity;
• hearing loss and untreated vision loss;
• depression and social isolation;
• traumatic brain injury and air pollution;
• limited education in early life.

The 45% figure is an upper estimate of cases linked to these factors, not a promise that any one person can avoid dementia. The NHS suggests stopping smoking, cutting alcohol, eating a balanced diet, keeping a healthy weight, and staying physically and mentally active. Alzheimer’s Society says that the effect of brain training on dementia risk ‘has not been proven’, and that evidence on diet is conflicting.

Is Alzheimer’s always inherited?

No. The NHS lists a family history of the condition as one risk factor alongside age, untreated depression and cardiovascular risk. It says the exact cause of Alzheimer’s is not fully understood. Frontotemporal dementia is described as more likely to run in families than the more common types. If you are worried about your family history, speak to your GP; NICE also advises that genetic causes are possible in some young-onset cases.

Is there really nothing that can be done?

There is currently no cure, but treatment and support can help. Alzheimer’s Society says a medicine for memory and thinking can help many people and may delay symptoms worsening, but it cannot stop the disease progressing. NICE recommends donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine as options for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s, with memantine in some cases. Non-drug support includes cognitive stimulation therapy, life story work and activities; see reminiscence therapy.

Newer antibody medicines, lecanemab and donanemab, have been the subject of NICE appraisals. In June 2025 NICE’s final draft guidance again did not recommend them for NHS use in England and Wales because the benefits were judged too small to justify the cost. An appeal on donanemab, heard in January 2026, was partly upheld and the appraisal returned to the committee. The position may have changed, so check NICE for the latest, and ask your memory service which treatments are available to you.

Can people with dementia still live well?

Yes. Alzheimer’s Society stresses that people with dementia can stay active and involved. The NHS encourages people to keep up activities they enjoy for as long as possible, which may take longer or need adapting. Planning ahead early, including a lasting power of attorney, helps people stay in control. See coping with a dementia diagnosis and stages of dementia care needs.

Frequently asked questions

Is Alzheimer’s a normal part of ageing?

No. The NHS says Alzheimer’s disease is not a normal part of the ageing process. The risk increases with age, but most older people do not have dementia, and it can affect people under 65.

Can you get Alzheimer’s from aluminium pans or deodorant?

There is no convincing evidence. Alzheimer’s Society says no relationship between aluminium and Alzheimer’s has been established, and little aluminium from food and drink enters the body. Its page does not address deodorants.

Can Alzheimer’s be cured?

Not currently. The NHS says there is no cure, though medicines can relieve some symptoms and other support can help. Newer antibody drugs have not so far been recommended by NICE for routine NHS use, and that decision is under review, so ask a specialist about current options.

Does having a relative with Alzheimer’s mean I will get it?

Not necessarily. A family history is a risk factor, but the NHS says the exact cause is not fully understood. Speak to your GP if you are concerned, and note that the Lancet Commission links many cases to modifiable factors.

Can puzzles and brain games prevent dementia?

Not proven. Alzheimer’s Society says brain training can improve memory and thinking but its effect on dementia has not been proven. Staying physically active, socially connected and treating hearing and blood pressure problems have more support.

Where to get help next

If you are worried about memory, see a GP and read memory clinics: what to expect. For costs and care, try the dementia tax explained and find care. Alzheimer’s Society’s Dementia Support Line is 0333 150 3456.

Sources

• NHS: Alzheimer’s disease
• Alzheimer’s Society: Five things you should know about dementia
• Alzheimer’s Society: Metals and the risk of dementia
• Alzheimer’s Society: Research on dementia risk factors (August 2026)
• NICE: Dementia (NG97), recommendations
• NICE: Donanemab appeal decision

Reviewed by The Care Panel team on 9 November 2026. This guide is general information about care in England, not legal, medical or financial advice. Rules and rates change; check with your council or an adviser before making decisions.